购买

Brand

群晖 Synology Disk Station NAS

4-bay 优势是以后可扩展，但是好贵啊

2-bay:

购买选择

DS223J (2621 kr) + 6T x 2 (1900 kr x2) = 6421 kr

RAM

  • 1 GB is too slow
  • 2-4 GB is good
  • upgradable

接口选择

M2 Drive Slots NVMe

前面板散热好

Western Digital QNAP 威联通

绿联 (UGREEN)：优势是电影电视剧管理

极空间 历史版本不好查找

绿联,极空间,群晖,威联通2025年NAS横向对比测评

配件

  • Harddisk Drive HDD 硬盘要单独购买，不在 NAS 自带范围。

    机械硬盘 spinning hard disk, HDD 常简称为硬盘

    固态硬盘 Solid state disk, SSD 常简称为固态盘

  • 5400 RPM 省电静音

  • Drive type

    • SATA

  • 网线 Ethernet

Bandwidth 20 Gigabit = 2000 MB per second

Seagate IronWolf Pro, 16 TB, Enterprise NAS Internal HDD –CMR 3.5 Inch, SATA 6 Gb/s, 7,200 RPM, 256 MB Cache for RAID Network Attached Storage (ST16000NT001)

Visit the Seagate Store

Amazon link

What hard drives should you buy?

Size Seagate IronWolf
8 TB Proshop 2675 kr;
12 TB Proshop 3500 kr; Dustin Home 3500 kr;
16 TB Proshop 4600 kr;

Seagate 产品线

  • Exos性价比最高

Toshiba 东芝

配置

  • Set up two accounts for yourself:
    • one admin: to manage NAS
    • one user: to access to files and data

Install DSM (Disk Station Manager) Operating System

Once you plugged in your NAS, go to finds.synology.com, it will search Synology devices on your local network.

A warming window show that you will Delete Data. Confirm to proceed.

Then the installation starts. Wait for 10 mins until it finishes. The following window pops up, asks you to create a Device name. The name will show on your network.

  • Administrator account: type your name, e.g., Menghan_Admin. This is the administrator account.

    You can set up a user account for yourself later.

  • Password

    Set to a complex one, not easily gussable.

  • Check the box Web Assistant. You can find your NAS more easily later on.

    Allow this Synology NAS to be displayed in Web Assistant. Synology will collect the IP address and port information, which will only be used for providing Web Assistant service. Refer to the Services Data Collection Disclosure and Privacy Statement for details.

Set up an update option

  • Choose Automatically install important DSM and package updates only (Recommended)

Set up a Synology Account

Set up a QuickConnect

  • This lets you access your NAS remotely on the Internet.
  • Refer to Complete Remote Access Guide.

Set up NAS Overview

Creates pool and volume → Choose RAID type → Agree to do Drive Check → Schedule tests → Create Shared Folder → Set up Snapshots → Secutity Settings → Task Secheduler to set up a sehedule for emptying your recycle bin.

Q: What is Drive ChecK?
A: Initial hard drive check to make sure your hard drive works OK. Hard drives either fail at the first two weeks or keep working for years. Problems show up at the early stage. Drive Check might take 2 days and the task will affect your NAS speed.

  • RAID type, choose either

    • SHR1
    • RAID5

    RAID gives you ability to keep all your data contact even when one drive fails. It comes at the cost of redundancy though.

  • Schedule data scrubbing

    Performing data scrubbing periodically ensures data consistency and lowers the risk of data loss in the event of a drive failure.

    • Every three months

    • Only run during the night

      Data scrubbing may affect system performance. You can set a specific time for performing data scrubbing, thereby preventing it from affecting system performance.

  • Set up SMART tests

    Check whether the disks are going to fail soon.

    SMART test → Set to once a month.

    Extended SMART test → Set to once every six months.

  • Use BTRFS format

  • task schedule

    • recycle bin
    • health check

  • Install BTRFS snapshots

    Everytime you add a shared folder, set up a BTRFS snapshot.

    Set Frequency to every 2 hours.

    Set Retention Rules. Keep all snapshots for 5 days. Keep the latest snapshots of the day for 30 days.

  • Security Settings

    • Enable auto block

    • Do not open up ports SMB, 22.

  • Hardware & Power

    • Power Recovery, check Restart automatically when power supply issue is fixed.

    • Beep Control

      Find out why your NAS is beeping

    • HDD Hibernation

      • The internal drives and the external SATA drives will hibernate after being inactive for the configured time period.

        Change from 20 min to >=3 hours. It prevents NAS from starting and shutting down frequently, which is bad for the health of your NAS.

      • Uncheck Enable advanced HDD hibernation to minimize power consumption for DS923+

        Keep it running and don’t go to hibernation.

  • Emptying your recycle bin

    Task Scheduler → Create task → Schedule to run daily → Task Settings, Retention Policy, set Number of days to retain deleted files to 3 days.

  • Set up permissions

    Deactivate the system default admin account because people can guess it, it is always admin. If you need your own administrator account, create your own one as follows, check the administrator box.

    Everyone has their own user account.

    Go to User & Group → Create a user or group.

    People in the same group share the same permissions. Just a quicker way to set up permissions.

Q: How can I find NAS on my MAC?
A: Go to Network and find your NAS name there. Double click it. A dialog window pops up. Enter your NAS account credentials there.

FAQ

Q: Why should I have a NAS?
A: Refer to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfN36_Wip00. Here is a summary:

  1. You can access your file from any computer and anywhere.
  2. Protect your files. Snapshot.
  3. Reduce duplicates. Don’t need to save copies and merge together. You work on the same repository and always get the latest version.
  4. Multiple people can access.

Q: How to access NAS out of my home?

Q: How do I back up data on my computer?
A: Synology Drive Client allows you to create scheduled backup tasks to back up files on your computer to a Synology Drive server, as well as create versions of these files that can be restored or downloaded when needed.

https://kb.synology.com/en-au/DSM/tutorial/How_to_back_up_data_on_my_computer_using_Drive

Q:

https://www.reddit.com/r/synology/comments/ra16wu/can_i_work_on_a_file_on_my_nas_as_if_it_is_local/?rdt=57096

NAS lets multiple computers access the data simultaneously.

https://www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/1b0sg91/can_anyone_explain_to_me_how_a_nas_works_like_you/

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Reference

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1xW97eyXB8&list=WL&index=1

Next Videos to Watch for Beginners: (in order mentioned at end of video)

  1. Complete Remote Access Guide: img • The Complete Guide to Remotely Access…

  2. Top 6 upgrades for Synology NAS: img • TOP 6 Updates for Home Users - Synolo…
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